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Chromosomes are visible only during cell division, when the DNA is supercoiled and condensed to facilitate distribution into daughter cells.
This binding affinity to supercoiled DNA is approximately two orders-of-magnitude larger than on relaxed DNA.
Extensions from linear to circular supercoiled DNA were subsequently reported, including improvements that extended the coverage from low salt to physiological salt conditions.
Interestingly, the structure of the H-NS-DNA complex alone permits the nucleoid to respond, with high sensitivity, to changes in temperature and osmolarity, independent of additional host proteins and changes in DNA supercoiling .
Fortunately, the inhibitory salt effect can be alleviated in vivo by natural DNA supercoiling .
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