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Once the electrons have thermalized , the ions are initially frozen in place because of their relatively large mass and low temperature.
Radiolysis of the solvent produces thermalized electrons that can reach the reducible sites of the protein even at low temperature.
If the cosmic microwave background is at such a uniform temperature, it should mean that the photons have been thermalized through repeated particle collisions.
The simulation consists of thermalization , equilibration, and production phases.
The collisional thermalization between electrons and ions is very slow, due to the large difference in their masses, and it occurs on a millisecond timescale.