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The black, white and green bands represent the Arab Abbasid, Umayyad and Fatimid dynasties respectively, while the crimson triangle joining the bands represents the Hashemite dynasty.
The Zaydis favored Zayd ibn Ali, grandson of Husayn, as fifth imam due to his activist revolutionary position against the Umayyad dynasty.
The Umayyads and other dynasties regularly extended cordial relations to local Christian communities even at a time when Muslim armies battled Greek Byzantine forces and European Crusaders.
Early Umayyad caliphs and some of the Abbasids who supplanted them employed the title khalifat Allah - deputy or vice-regent of God (as did some later Muslim sovereigns, such as the Sultan of Jogjakarta in Java).
Honest and pious Muslims opposed to Umayyads usurping power were severely persecuted.
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