“CALQUE” на українській мові

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In either case, English-speakers may have adopted the phrase via a direct, word-for-word translation of the German idiom; linguists call this a calque .

A calque or loan-translation is a borrowing of a compound word from another language where each component is translated into native words and then joined together.

So ‘butt naked’ would be a straightforward calque of a common expression whose word for ‘butt’ had dropped out of the language.

Yesterday, Geraint Jennings pointed out that the ‘flights’ of drinks offered on upscale restaurant menus are a calque of French ‘volée ’, which has been borrowed directly as volley.

The most plausible explanation of its origin seems to be that it came in via American English, calqued on German ‘hoffentlich’.