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The adult parasitoid is free-living , and the main task of females is finding new hosts for the next generation.
Throughout the history of our field, researchers have conducted physiological and behavioral studies of free-living animals using innovative techniques, novel engineering and natural ingenuity.
However, exceptionally warm or dry conditions may result in higher mortality rates of the free-living stages of parasites (especially for those with direct life cycles) and offset some of the effects of more rapid development rates.
The ecological roles of spirochetes are varied; the group includes both aerobic and anaerobic species, and both free-living and parasitic forms.
Parasitoids are both parasites and free-living predators; they spend part of their lives inside another animal and part on their own.
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