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The metonym I am describing is more than a ‘reality effect’ but less than a link in a dangerously mobile semiotic chain; no frightening or anxiety-provoking associations need be made to it.
Time flows, as people have said for centuries: originally this was not a metaphor for abstract time, but a metonym .
The Panama hat came to signify secular Turkish citizenship and functions as a metonym for the transformation of the Oriental Ottoman to the Western Turk.
And of course there's the flow of milk and honey: sticky secretions that hold memories and traces of old desires and sensations (as well as being a metonym for New Zealand itself, land of milk and honey).
Even if skin color were taken as a signifier for race, a metonym for some racial homunculus, all it would prove is a trope, not an index.
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