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Generally, this reflects a decline in the number of oocytes in the ovary (decreased ovarian reserve).
In mammals, signals from the gonads determine whether the germ cells develop into oocytes or sperm.
As semen quality reduces, the proportion of oocytes fertilised by in vitro insemination decreases.
However, in young women this comes at a price - many women lose ovarian function because oocytes or their support cells are damaged by the treatment.
The oocyte is then allowed to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro.
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