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Motions that change the quadrupole interaction while an echo is being formed contribute to echo decay.
Such simulations can, however, display rapid small amplitude motions that modulate the quadrupole interaction about its average.
the quadrupole moment
We have used a microfabricated planar quadrupole as a test bed for evaluating DEP-based traps, using polystyrene beads as a model for cells.
For this protein, representation of its electrostatic properties by a quadrupole moment seems more appropriate.
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