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From 1889 to 1917 he served in the Russian army, as Finland was then a grand duchy within the Russian empire.
Led by William's daughter, the Grand Duchess, the grand duchy cooperated with the Germans in their unlawful violation of Luxembourg's neutrality during World War I.
The 1815 Congress of Vienna, ending the Napoleonic wars, designated Luxembourg a grand duchy , and awarded it to William I, prince of Orange-Nassau, who was also made the first king of the Netherlands.
June 9, 1815, after 400 years of domination by various European nations, Luxembourg was made a grand duchy by the Congress of Vienna.
Finland had been a grand duchy of the czars for a century, but with the Bolshevik revolution at hand, the Western-oriented Finns rose to throw off their Russian bonds.
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