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The main causes are pathogenic bacteria, such as enterotoxin e. coli, campylobacter jejuni, shigella, salmonella and vibrio , that enter the body from contaminated food and drinking water.
In a recent incident, a particularly virulent South American strain of the bacteria vibrio parahaemoliticus, a relative of cholera, was tied to more than 400 cases of serious human illness across 13 states.
Cholera vibrios release a poison that damages the lining of the intestine so that it leaks fluids and salts, and as a result, the patient is intensely dehydrated.
Current research in molecular biology is aimed at finding out why cholera vibrios are such potent pathogens.
It normally lives in warm seawater and is part of a group of vibrios that are called ‘halophilic’ because they require salt.
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