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At the second stage, when the sperm cell reaches the vitelline envelope, other recognition molecules allow bindin of the correct species to attach the sperm tightly to the egg.
In abalones, the eggs are enclosed by a vitelline envelope, and sperm must penetrate this envelope to fertilize the egg.
From these observations and following experiments involving membrane removals, the authors concluded that the vitelline and embryonic membranes are essential to osmoregulation during development.
It functions as glue between the acrosomal process and the glycoprotein bindin receptors of the vitelline layer of the egg.
The ventral follicle cells produce proteins, like pipe, that are only deposited in the ventral vitelline envelope.
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